High prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations in patients with first episode of Pneumocystis pneumonia in Santiago, Chile, and their clinical response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy

High prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase gene 1 mutations in patients with first episode of Pneumocystis pneumonia in Santiago, 2 Chile, and their clinical response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. 3 4 Carolina A Ponce, Magali Chabé, Claudio George, Alejandra Cárdenas, Luisa 5 Duran, Julia Guerrero, Rebeca Bustamante, Olga Matos, Laurence Huang, Robert 6 F Miller and Sergio L Vargas# 7 Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de 8 Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Infection and Immunity of 9 Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University Lille Nord 10 de France, Lille Cedex, France; Unidade de Parasitología Médica, Grupo de 11 Protozoários Oportunistas/VIH e Outros Protozoarios, Global Health and Tropical 12 Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 13 Lisboa, Portugal; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and HIV, Infectious 14 Diseases, and Global Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, San Francisco 15 General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Research 16 Department of Infection and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and 17 Healthcare, University College London, London, UK 18 19 Running title: P. jirovecii DHPS mutations on prior absence of sulfas 20 21 #Address correspondence to Sergio L Vargas, [email protected] 22 23 AAC Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 14 November 2016 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.01290-16 Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.